EGLISE, Lyon, RHONE, RHÔNE ALPES
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BASILIQUE NOTRE DAME DE FOURVIERE LYON

BASILIQUE NOTRE DAME DE FOURVIERE LYON

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    BASILIQUE NOTRE DAME DE FOURVIERE LYON

    BASILIQUE NOTRE DAME DE FOURVIERE LYON

    La basilique Notre-Dame de Fourvière surplombe la ville de Lyon depuis le sommet de la colline de Fourvière. Elle est construite à peu près sur l'emplacement de l'ancien forum de Trajan Forum vetus, hypothèse étymologique la plus probable pour le nom actuel de Fourvière). Sur cet emplacement est institué au milieu du Moyen Âge un culte à saint Thomas de Cantorbéry puis, rapidement, à la Vierge. Ce double culte se concrétise avec la construction d'un lieu de dévotion, la chapelle Saint-Thomas. À la suite d'un vœu prononcé en 1642 pour éloigner une épidémie de peste de Lyon, un pèlerinage annuel se constitue. Au xixe siècle, une statue de Marie est érigée sur le clocher rehaussé et renforcé de la chapelle et la proposition de construire une basilique est acceptée, à la fois pour accueillir des visiteurs de plus en plus nombreux et en remerciement pour la protection de Lyon durant la guerre franco-allemande de 1870. Son architecture de style néo-byzantin ou romano-byzantin est l'œuvre de Pierre Bossan, lequel, obligé de superviser le chantier de loin pour raisons de santé, délègue une grande partie de l'exécution de l'œuvre à Louis Sainte-Marie Perrin. L'architecture très particulière de l'édifice lui vaut de nombreux admirateurs, mais aussi de très vives critiques. Propriété de la commission de Fourvière et non de l'archevêché depuis sa fondation, la basilique n'est donc pas concernée par la loi de 1905 et reste propriété privée, notamment grâce à la diplomatie du maire Édouard Herriot, moins anticlérical que son prédécesseur Victor Augagneur. Néanmoins, malgré ce statut, la basilique obtient à la fin du xxe siècle une reconnaissance officielle de son statut de monument lyonnais. L'édifice est inscrit à l'inventaire supplémentaire des monuments historiques le 26 septembre 1977 ; puis il est reconnu d'utilité publique le 15 octobre 1998, juste avant son inscription au patrimoine mondial le 5 décembre de la même année, au titre du Site historique de Lyon. Enfin, le 25 mars 2014, il est classé monument historique. La basilique constitue un des repères les plus visibles de l'agglomération, et un des symboles de la ville de Lyon. Elle donne à Lyon son statut de « ville mariale ». Environ deux millions de touristes sont accueillis chaque année dans la basilique. Le complexe basilical comprend non seulement l'édifice, la chapelle saint-Thomas et la statue, mais aussi l'esplanade panoramique, le jardin du Rosaire et l'archevêché de Lyon. (source Wikipédia) (photo PF)

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