CENTRE VAL DE LOIRE, CHATEAU, CHATEAUX, LOIR et CHER
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CHATEAU ROYAL DE BLOIS

CHATEAU ROYAL DE BLOIS

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    CHATEAU ROYAL DE BLOIS

    CHATEAU ROYAL DE BLOIS

    Histoire du Château de Blois Au cours du Xeme siècle, Thibaut Ier (mort vers 975), vicomte de Tours et comte de Blois, fait élargir le domaine dont il a hérité, avec les comtés de Chartres, de Dunois, et veut conquérir l’Anjou. Il construit des places fortes, dont une grosse tour à Blois. A la fin du XIIème siècle, Louis de Blois (1191-1205) s’allie au roi d’Angleterre Richard Cœur de Lion pour combattre le roi de France Philippe-Auguste. En 1204, il participe à la prise de Constantinople lors de la quatrième Croisade et meurt le 14 avril 1205 à la bataille d’Andrinople en Terre Sainte. Son fils Thibault VI (1205-1218), dernier comte de Blois de la maison de Champagne, fait édifier en 1214 la grande salle (qui est actuellement la salle des Etats) du château de Blois. En 1391, le comte Guy II de Châtillon cède au fils de Charles V, Louis de France (1368-1407) (frère de Charles VI), les comtés de Blois et de Dunois. Louis en prend possession à la mort de Guy en 1397. Blois devient alors pour un siècle la résidence favorite des ducs d’Orléans. A la suite de la bataille d’Azincourt (1415), Charles d’Orléans (1394-1465), fils de Louis de France, est fait prisonnier. 25 ans plus tard, à sa libération, celui-ci prend possession du château de Blois et procède à des remaniements en faisant bâtir un édifice habitable à la place de la vieille forteresse médiévale. 27 juin 1462, naissance à Blois de Louis d’Orléans, le futur roi Louis XII. A la mort de Charles d’Orléans, son fils Louis devient duc d’Orléans et comte de Blois, avant de devenir roi de France sous le nom de Louis XII en 1498. Le Château de Blois devient ainsi une demeure royale où le roi séjourne les mois d’hiver. Le Château accueille à l’aube du 6 décembre 1491 le mariage de la duchesse Anne de Bretagne et du roi Charles VIII. Après son ascension sur le trône de France, Louis XII, qui passa son enfance au château, fait construire de décembre 1498 à 1502 (ou 1503) l’aile Louis XII. Cette aile, à l’esthétique flamboyante, fut érigée par les maîtres d’oeuvre François de Pontbriant et Simonet Guischart. Cette aile est bâtie avec une double galerie, la galerie basse reprenant la disposition d’un cloître et dans la partie haute une galerie intérieure. Le 9 janvier 1514, Anne de Bretagne décède au Château de Blois. En 1514, le comté de Blois est donné à Claude, fille aînée de Louis XII et Anne de Bretagne. De 1515 à 1524, François 1er y fait construire sur l’aile nord un logis d’inspiration Renaissance flanqué du célèbre escalier en vis de Blois. Juillet 1524, la reine Claude, fille de Louis XII et d’Anne de Bretagne et épouse de François 1er, meurt à Blois. En 1539, le roi fait transférer le mobilier du Château à Fontainebleau suivi en 1544 par la bibliothèque. Lors d’un bal donné en avril 1545, Pierre de Ronsard fait la rencontre de la belle Cassandre Salviati, qui lui inspire le fameux « Sonnet à Cassandre ». En 1550, Henri II fait réaliser des travaux dans le « logis neuf », l’aile François 1er. En mars 1572, plusieurs fêtes sont célébrées à Blois pour l’arrivée de Henri de Navarre, venu fêter ses fiançailles avec Marguerite de Valois, sœur de Charles IX. Les fiançailles ont lieu en avril 1572 dans la chapelle du château. En 1576 et 1588, le roi Henri III convoque les états généraux à Blois. Le 23 décembre 1588, le duc de Guise est assassiné dans la chambre du roi par la garde personnelle du roi. Au XVIIe siècle, est construite par François Mansart l’aile Gaston d’Orléans (nom du frère de Louis XIII). Ce bâtiment est un des premiers édifices caractéristiques du classicisme français. Après la mort de Gaston Jean Baptiste de France, duc d’Orléans le 2 février 1660, le château, inachevé, est mal entretenu et se détériore. La transformation en 1788 du château en caserne sauve l’ancien palais de la destruction. Prosper Mérimée le fait classer sur le première liste des monuments historiques en 1840. Le 9 mars 1843 l’aile François Ier est restituée à la ville de Blois afin de devenir un musée. Pour le reste du château, il faudra attendre le 30 octobre 1867 pour le voir ouvert au public dans son intégralité. A voir au château de Blois Aile Louis XII (1498) Statue équestre de Louis XII Aile et escalier François 1er (1515) Aile Gaston d’Orléans Cabinet de Marie de Médicis Films tournés au Château L’assassinat du Duc de Guise (1897), un film des frères Lumière L’Assassinat du Duc de Guise (1907), un film de Charles Le Bargy et André Calmettes Chevalier de Pardaillan (1962) réalisé par Bernard Borderie L’exécution du Duc de Guise (1971), réalisé par Pierre Bureau La guerre des trois Henri (1978), réalisé par Marcel Cravenne Catherine de Médicis, la reine noire (1988), film de Yves-André Hubert Jeanne d’arc (1999), film de Luc Besson La dame de Monsoreau (2007) film réalisé par Michel Hassan d’après Alexandre Dumas La Reine et le Cardinal (2008), réalisé par Marc Rivière Le Roi, l’Ecureuil et la Couleuvre (2009), film de Laurent Heynemann La princesse de Montpensier (2009), un film de Bertrand Tavernier Livres sur le château Royal livre sur le chateau de Blois, val de loire, au edition monum Le château de Blois Editeur : Centre des monuments nationaux – 2002 Collection Itineraires du patrimoine ISBN-10 : 2858226350 guide sur le chateau de Blois, val de loire Guide du château de Blois De A Goetz Editeur : Gallimard – 1998 ISBN-10 : 2843700248 Informations pratiques Ouvert toute l’année. Horaires : Du 2 janvier au 31 mars : de 9h à 12h30 et de 13h30 à 17h30 Du 1er avril au 30 juin : 9h à 18h30 Du 1er juillet au 31 août : 9h à 19h Du 1er septembre au 30 septembre : 9h à 18h30 Du 1er octobre au 2 novembre : 9h à 18h Du 3 novembre au 31 décembre : de 9h à 12h30 et de 13h30 à 17h30 Dates et événements historiques 23 décembre 1588 Assassinat d’Henri de Guise au château de Blois 9 janvier 1514 Mort d’Anne de Bretagne à Blois 5 janvier 1589 Mort de Catherine de Médicis à Blois 27 juin 1462 Naissance de Louis II d’Orléans le futur roi Louis XII (source info.histoire.com) (photos PF)

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