[Total : 9 Moyenne : 4.6/5]
TOURNON SUR RHONE (ARDECHE)
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TOURNON SUR RHONE (ARDECHE)
Durant l'Antiquité, Tournon ou plutôt Tournus est la « banlieue chic » de la cité romaine voisine : Muzolium. Le quartier du Cornilhac, au nord de la ville, semble être celui où l'on retrouve le plus de vestiges : des thermes, des villas de riches familles romaines, etc. Au centre-ville, à la place de l'actuel château, se trouvait un castrum, c'est-à-dire une forteresse romaine qui abritera les habitants de Muzolium lors des invasions barbares au ve siècle. Tournon bâtit sa fortune sur le commerce de son vin qui était fort apprécié de l'empereur Charlemagne. Tain et Tournon au xixe siècle illustrée par Victor Cassien (1808 - 1893). Au Moyen Âge, la population s'agglomère autour du château et donne naissance à un bourg castral1. Ses alliances précoces avec le royaume de France lui valurent d'entrer dans le cercle rapproché de la famille royale à la Renaissance. Au xive siècle, est fondé le premier couvent de la ville, les Carmes qui s'installent hors de la ville, non loin de la porte de Mauves. La vie religieuse sera très importante ici car pas moins de quatre couvents différents seront créées, et une collégiale. Les pères jésuites s'installeront et enseigneront dans le collège du Cardinal. En mars 1469, par ses lettres patentes, le roi Louis XI autorisa deux foires annuelles à Tournon, de sorte que la ville s'accroisse2. Le cardinal François II de Tournon, seigneur de la ville au xvie siècle, rencontre le roi François Ier en 1515 à Lyon. Le Roi, le gardera comme principal conseiller, pendant 30 ans jusqu'à sa mort en 1547. C'est à ce moment, que la famille obtient le privilège d'arborer la fleur de lys sur fond azur, sur le côté gauche de leur blason, symbole réservé au Roi. L'année 1536 fut marquée par deux événements : la fondation d'un collège par le cardinal de Tournon, qui fut élevé au titre d'université par une bulle papale et la mort du dauphin François (fils du roi François Ier) dont le corps fut conservé dans la collégiale Saint-Julien de Tournon jusqu'en 1547. La famille de Tournon s'éteint au xviie siècle car le dernier Seigneur meurt sans descendance et le château est abandonné. Un des premiers ponts suspendus à câble d'Europe fut construit en 1825 entre Tournon et Tain-l'Hermitage par Marc Seguin. La ville fut le foyer d'une animation intellectuelle et artistique sans précédent, au xixe et au xixe siècle, avec des figures comme Marcel Gimond, Charles Forot et Raoul Dufy. En 1940, sur la rive droite du Rhône, l'arrêt des combats contre la Wehrmacht eut lieu au nord de Tournon, la rivière Doux marquant la limite entre les forces allemandes et l'armée française battue en retraite. (sources Wikipédia),(photos P.F) -
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