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PLACE BELLECOUR (LYON)
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PLACE BELLECOUR (LYON)
À l’époque gallo-romaine, le quartier de Bellecour est une île ou une presqu'île formée de terres alluviales. Le quartier connait alors une activité romaine, militaire et marchande : on y a retrouvé des Canabae, baraques qui servaient d’entrepôt aux négociants et aux nautes gallo-romains3, la ville se situant alors sur la colline de Fourvière, avant qu'elle en descende en rive de la Saône au iiie. À la fin du xiie, l'archevêque de Lyon possède à cet endroit une vigne appelée bella curtis (beau jardin). Abandonné, l'endroit redevient marécageux. En 1562, le baron des Adrets attaquant Lyon, installe ses hommes d'arme sur « le pré de Belle-court »4. En 1604, Henri IV pousse le Conseil de la ville à acquérir le pré afin d'y aménager une place publique. Mais les héritiers de l'archevêque se disputent lors d'un interminable procès. Bien des années plus tard, en 1708, c'est finalement Louis XIV qui obtient la possession définitive de la place. En 1715, elle devient place Royale. Nommée place Louis-le-Grand, elle est ornée d'une statue de bronze représentant le roi et réalisée par Martin Desjardins. Autour de la place sont alors construits des édifices, dont les façades sont dessinées par le premier architecte du roi Robert de Cotte. À la Révolution, un autel de la Liberté y est élevé le 14 juillet 1790. La place change alors de nom et devient place de la Fédération. On y installe une guillotine en 1792. La statue royale est détruite en 1793, et la place devient place de l’Égalité. Le 21 juin 1800, Bonaparte de passage à Lyon après sa victoire de Marengo, pose la première pierre des nouveaux édifices. La place porte alors le nom de place Bonaparte et devient logiquement un peu plus tard place Napoléon. Redevenue place Louis-le-Grand sous la Restauration en 1814, elle s'orne d'une nouvelle statue de Louis XIV, due au sculpteur François-Frédéric Lemot, inaugurée le 6 novembre 1825. Ce n'est que sous la Troisième République que la place prend son nom actuel de place Bellecour. Elle sera baptisée place du Maréchal-Pétain après une visite du chef du régime de Vichy à Lyon les 18 et 19 novembre 19405. Elle reprendra le nom de place Bellecour à la Libération. (source Wikipédia), (photo PF) -
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